Scoliosis & Kyphosis

Scoliosis & Kyphosis: Spinal Curvatures and How to Treat Them

Understanding Abnormal Spine Curvatures and Your Treatment Options

What Are Scoliosis and Kyphosis?

The human spine is naturally curved, helping it absorb shock and maintain balance. However, abnormal curvatures can develop, affecting posture, mobility, and even organ function. • Scoliosis is a sideways (lateral) curvature of the spine, often shaped like an “S” or “C”. • Kyphosis is an excessive forward (outward) curve of the upper back, giving a hunched appearance. These conditions may occur separately or together and vary from mild to severe.

Prevalence & Statistics

• Scoliosis affects 2–3% of the population, most commonly in adolescents (ages 10–18). • Kyphosis is common in older adults, especially women with osteoporosis. • About 30% of scoliosis cases have a family history. • Severe cases of both conditions may require surgery to prevent respiratory or neurological complications.

What Causes Scoliosis and Kyphosis?

Condition Common Causes Scoliosis Idiopathic (unknown origin, ~80% of cases), congenital vertebral anomalies, neuromuscular disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy), degenerative spine disease. Kyphosis Poor posture (postural kyphosis), Scheuermann’s disease (adolescent vertebral wedging), spinal fractures, osteoporosis, arthritis, or tumors. Both conditions may be visible at birth, develop during growth spurts, or appear later in life due to degeneration or trauma.

Symptoms

Scoliosis Symptoms:

• Uneven shoulders, hips, or waist • One shoulder blade more prominent • Clothes hanging unevenly • Back pain (in adults) • In severe cases: breathing issues

Kyphosis Symptoms:

• Hunched or rounded upper back • Back stiffness or pain • Height loss • Fatigue (due to muscle strain) • In advanced cases: compression of lungs or nerves Some mild scoliosis or kyphosis cases are asymptomatic and discovered during routine exams.

How Are They Diagnosed?

• Physical Examination: Includes forward bend test for scoliosis or posture analysis for kyphosis. • X-rays: Measure the spinal curve in degrees (Cobb angle). • MRI/CT scans: Used for detailed structural or nerve assessments. • Bone Density Test: For kyphosis in elderly patients to check for osteoporosis.

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatments

Treatment Option Description Observation For mild curves (<20°), especially in growing children or stable adults. Bracing Prevents scoliosis progression in children or corrects posture in kyphosis. Physical Therapy Custom exercises to strengthen core/back muscles and improve flexibility. Pain Management Includes NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, and activity modification. Posture Training Especially helpful in postural kyphosis and mild scoliosis.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is considered for severe curves or when non-surgical methods fail to provide relief. Surgical Option Description Spinal Fusion Stabilizes and corrects spinal curvature using rods, screws, and bone grafts. Osteotomy Surgical removal of bone to correct severe kyphosis. Growth Modulation Devices Implanted in children to guide spinal growth as they develop. Vertebral Column Resection For extremely complex or rigid curves. Surgical outcomes are typically positive, especially in young patients with progressive curves. Minimally invasive options may be available.

Recovery & Long-Term Management

• Bracing is usually worn for 12–23 hours/day until growth is complete. • Post-surgical recovery may take 3–6 months, depending on the procedure. • Physical therapy is key to maintaining strength and posture. • Early detection leads to better outcomes—especially in growing children.

Living with Scoliosis or Kyphosis

Many individuals with mild scoliosis or kyphosis lead normal, active lives. However, untreated severe curves may impact: • Mobility • Self-image and mental health • Breathing and heart function (in rare advanced cases) Regular follow-ups, proper posture, exercise, and education are essential parts of long-term care.

Why Choose WEGOVITA for Spine Treatment in Germany?

At WEGOVITA, we support international patients in accessing world-class care for spine conditions, including: • Pediatric and adult scoliosis correction • Kyphosis management and postural rehabilitation • Cutting-edge surgical options with minimally invasive techniques • Multidisciplinary teams of orthopedic surgeons, neurologists, and physiotherapists